Biocompatible palladium catalysts for biological applications
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چکیده
This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. No part of this thesis has been previously submitted at this or any other university for any other degree or a professional qualification. Part of this work has been published in the scientific literature: The cell is a complex system, and scientists have established different methods to study and disclose its secrets. Very specific chemical reaction, which are benign and can be carried out in a biological environment, have been developed in order to track, manipulate, and separate biomolecules. In particular, palladium have been used to mediate chemical transformations using proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids as substrate. During my PhD project the attention was focused on the development of a new type of palladium catalyst for biological applications. These new compounds are based on an amino acid sequence connected to the palladium, and have three functions: to deliver the active metal inside the cells, to track the compound inside the cell thanks to a fluorescent dye, and to perform chemical reactions. Palladium catalysis was used to activate dyes and anticancer drugs, in a specific manner. In addition, the active metal was trapped on a polymer support, thus enabling implantation of the device and subsequent palladium-mediated chemical reactions in situ. In future, these two different palladium catalyst will be used to selectively deliver the active catalyst inside different cells and tissues. Once the catalyst is located at the site of interest (e.g. a tumour), anticancer drugs will be activated only in its close proximity, thus minimising the side effects of the treatment on the whole body. Abstract Transition metals have been used to mediate bioorthogonal reactions within a biological environment. In particular, applications of biocompatible palladium catalysis currently range from biomolecules modification to the in cellulo synthesis or activation of drugs. Here, the scope of palladium-mediated chemistry in living systems …
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